| 作文首页初中作文寒假作文写人作文写景作文英语作文想象作文抒情作文议论文说明文单元作文科幻作文诗歌词赋写作素材 小学作文高中作文暑假作文写事作文写物作文节日作文话题作文描写作文记述文应用文毕业作文散文随笔日记游记写作指导 |
liverpool fans celebrate at anfield in a 2008 file photo. most football fans in britain believe crowds influence referees' decisions during matches, according to a survey released on thursday.
most football fans in britain believe crowds influence referees' decisions during matches, according to a survey released on thursday.the national poll of 2,517 fans conducted for the dana centre at the science museum in london revealed that 98 percent of fans think crowds have an impact on decisions.more than half, however, did not think bias was a problem.
when asked which football club gets the most favourable refereeing decisions because of their crowd, 59 percent said manchester united followed by 15 percent for chelsea, seven percent for arsenal and one percent for newcastle.but newcastle fans thought they exerted the most influence over referees."i believe that referees are influenced by environmental pressures -- exactly how that happens is inconclusive ," said professor alan nevill of the university of wolverhampton who has studied soccer crowds.his research showed that noise had an impact on decisions in favour of the home team.
former international referee david elleray discussed the findings of the survey on thursday at a science-of-football event at the dana centre.