初中英语语法讲座

　　1desk---desks bed---beds piano---pianos

　　hat---hats bag---bags photo---photos

　　2bus---buses box---boxes

　　watch---watches brush---brushes

　　3tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes

　　hero---heroes negro---negroes

　　4 leaf---leaves knife---knives

　　5baby---babies family---families

　　另外，还要记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式，如：

　　chinese---chinese japanese---japanese

　　englishman---englishmen frenchman---frenchmen

　　russian---russians american---americans

　　german --- germans

　　child---children foot---feet

　　man---men woman---women

　　tooth---teeth goose --- geese

　　deer---deer sheep---sheep

　　还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有： a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of

　　另外，大家应注意：单数集合名词作主语时谓语动词“数的”变化：单数集合名词如class, police, family, school, group, team等。尽管形式上是单数，意义上都是复数，因此，一般要与复数谓语动词连用，例如：

　　class five have a foreign friend.

　　五班有一位外国朋友。(这里的五班指五班的同学的。)

　　his family are good to me. 他的家人对我很好。(很显然，这里的family指家庭成员。)当上述集合名词着重指“整体”时， 意义上则是单数，因此，要与单数谓语动词连用。例如，

　　our school team often plays well in our city.

　　我们的校队经常在我们市踢得很好。(这里的team 指整个队，但意义上仍为单数，故谓语动词用plays.

　　二、 名词所有格

　　名词所有格有两种形式：一是加’s，一种是用of来表示。一般情况下，指某人的某物用’s表示，而指某物的什么用of 短语来表示。另外，要注意凡是以s结尾的名词或规则名词的复数，不能直接加’s，而应该加-’即可。例如，boys’ clothes girls’ dresses。 不过，注意例外情况，例如， the boss’s handwriting，其中the boss’s 的-’s不可省略。因为在英语中，如果以-s 或-ss 结尾的名词不是复数复数形式，那么其名词所有格仍加-‘s。那么你会说“琼斯的小汽车”吗?对，jones’s car。

　　下面我们来做一部分习题。

　　1. june 1st is ___ day.

　　a. child’s b. childs’ c. childrens’ d. children’s

　　答案：d

　　2. i need ___ paper, mum. i want to write ___ letter to my english teacher.

　　a. any, some b. some, a c. a, some d. some,any

　　答案：b

　　3. there are two ___ and three ___ on the table.

　　a. knifes, forks b. knifes, fork c. knives, forkes d. knives, forks

　　答案：d

　　4. we have got a lot of___ today.

　　a. newspaper to read b. homework to do c. homeworks to do

　　d. book to read

　　答案：b

　　5. we could see __ children and hear ___ noise in the park.

　　a. many, many b. much, much c. many, much d. much, many

　　答案：c

　　6. will you pass me ___?

　　a. a few pieces of chalk b. a few chalks c. a few of chalks

　　d. some chalks

　　答案：a

　　7. ___ has been invited to the dancing party.

　　a. a friend of her b. a friend of hers c. friends of hers

　　d. friends of her

　　答案：b

　　下面请大家自己练习一下。

　　1. september 10th is ___ day.

　　a. the teacher b. teachers’ c. teacher d. teacher’s

　　答案：b

　　2. ---can i help you, sir?

　　---i’d like to have 100___. i want the students to draw pictures on them.

　　a. piece of paper b. pieces of paper c. papers d. paper

　　答案：b

　　3. ---would you like ___ milk, please?

　　---no, thank you. i still have some.

　　a. some more b. an c. a little of d. all

　　答案：a

　　4. ___ the old woman is in!

　　a. what good health b. how a good health c. what a good health d. how good health

　　答案：a

　　① what + a(n) + 形容词 + 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!

　　② what + 形容词 + 复数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!

　　③ what + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!

　　④ how + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!

　　⑤ how + 形容词 + a(n) + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!

　　⑥ how + 主语 + 谓语!

　　5. i’m going to help ___ with ___ english.

　　a. a friend of nancy, hers b. a friend of nancy’s, her

　　c. a friend of nancy’s, hers d. a friend of nancy, her

　　答案：b

　　6. the two desks here are ___. you may use the desk over there.

　　a. mary and jane b. marys and janes c. mary and jane’s

　　d. mary’s and jane’s

　　答案：d