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伟大的作品使人头脑敏锐

2014-05-25 01:26 Great Books Sharpen Our Minds
      Great books are those that contain the best materials on which the human mind can work in order to gain insight,understanding,  and wisdom.Each of them, in its own way,raises  the  recurrent  basic
questions  which  men  must face. Because these questions are never completely solved,these books are the sources and monuments of a continuing intellectual tradition.
     Garl Van Doren once referred to great books as"the books that never have to be written again. "They are the rare,perfect achievements of sustained excellence. Their beauty and clarity show that they are masterpieces of the fine as well as of the liberal arts. Such books are justifiably called great
whether they are books of science, poetry, theology, mathematics, or politics.
     The richness of great books shows itself in the many levels of meaning they contain. They lend themselves to a variety of interpretations. This does not mean they are ambiguous or that their integrity is compromised. The different interpretations complement one another and allow the reader to discover the unity of the work from a variety of perspectives. We need not read other books more than once to get all that they have to say. But we can always go deeper into great books. As sources of enlightenment they are inexhaustible.
     The interest in many good books that are written is limited to a definite period of history. They do not exhibit the universal appeal that results from dealing with the fundamental questions which confront men in all times and places and in a way that men in all times and places can understand. Great books, on the contrary, transcend the provincial limits of their origin. They remain as world literature. The ones we are sure are great are the ones men everywhere turn to again and again through the centuries.

伟大的作品使人头脑敏锐
    伟大的作品是那些包含有最佳素材的书籍，人类的头脑可以学习这些素材以期获得洞察力、理解力和智慧。其中每部作品都以自己的方式提出一些不断出现的而人们又必须面对的基本问题。因为这些问题从来没有被彻底解决，所以这些书成了一种从未间断过的知识传统的源泉和丰碑。
    卡尔·  多伦曾把伟大的作品称为“永远不需要再写的书”。它们都是保持着卓越水平的罕见的完美之作。它们的美妙与清晰表明它们不仅是文艺杰作，也是艺术杰作。这样的书，不论它是科学、诗词、神学、数学，还是政治方面的书，都可以无可非议地被称作是伟大的。
    伟大作品的丰富内涵可以从多种不同意义层次显示出来。它们可以有多种不同的解释。这并不意味着它们表意暧昧或文本的完整性上有所折衷。不同的解释彼此互补，而且让读者从不同的观点角度发现作品的统一性。其他的
书我们只要读一遍就能了解它们要说的全部。但读伟大的作品时，我们总是可以深入探究。作为启迪的源泉，它们永不会枯竭。
    许多的好书其重要性只限于某一特定的历史时期。它们没有展示出那种经久不衰的吸引力，而这种吸引力来源于用各个时代，各个地区的所有人都能理解的方式来讨论各时代各地区的人都要面对的根本问题。相反，伟大的作品超越了它们出身的狭隘局限。它们作为世界性的文学保存下来。那些我们确信是伟大的作品正是那些世界各地的人们几百年来一遍又一遍地读着的书。