探索尼泊尔革命(Quest Nepal revolution)

　　自称毛泽东主义者的叛军正发动着一场所谓的“人民战争”，以对抗这个喜马拉雅王国的国王。而在战争中，真正饱受痛苦的则是普通民众。

　　comrade ranju is standing on a sunlit hilltop in western nepal, telling me how she'd come to kill more than a dozen paramilitary policemen in one night. dressed in fatigues, she's tall and strong for a 19-year-old nepali woman, and her straight black hair is scraped back severely from her forehead. for the past three years she's roamed these mountains as a soldier in the maoist army, whose brutal tactics have spread terror throughout the kingdom.

　　阳光下，冉淑同志站在西尼泊尔的一个山顶上。她正在告诉我，她是如何在一晚上杀死了超过一打准军事武装的警察。身穿劳动服的冉淑体格高大强壮，不像普通的尼泊尔妇女，她的黑发被齐齐地捋到了脑后。在过去的三年里，作为毛派叛军的一名士兵，她常年巡游在这片群山之中。而毛派残忍的战争手段，使整个尼泊尔王国沉浸在恐怖之中。

　　what's happened to nepal, that young people like ranju are killing each other with such fervor? and what future does the nation have, now that its ruler, king gyanendra, has retaken absolute control, ending 12 years of government by political parties? this past february, supported by the royal nepalese army (rna), the king declared a state of emergency, briefly closing the international airport in kathmandu, cutting off telephones and e-mail, and placing politicians under house arrest—all in the name of fighting the maoists. in response, the rebels called a nationwide strike and continued their campaign of violence. the himalayan kingdom seems poised on the brink.

　　尼泊尔为何会这样，为什么像冉淑这样的年轻人热衷于屠杀自己的同胞?尼泊尔现在的统治者(国王贾南德拉)结束了12年的政党政府统治，重新获取了国家的绝对控制权，这个国家的未来又会是怎样呢?2008年2月，在尼泊尔皇家军队的支持下，国王宣布解散原首相领导的联合政府，并宣布国家进入紧急状态，暂时关闭了加德满都国际机场，切断了电话和e-mail联系，并将一些政治领袖进行软禁——所有这些，都是以“打击毛派武装”的名义进行的。叛军则号召全国性的罢工，并持续他们的暴力活动，以此来回应国王的行为。这个喜马拉雅国度似乎正处在悬崖的边缘。

　　enforcing their hold on nepal's countryside, rifle-bearing maoist rebels patrol the western village of turmakhad. once known as a peaceful hindu kingdom blessed by the peaks of the himalaya, nepal has collapsed into violence. maoist troops and supporters control many of the country's rural areas, gaining success through a mix of intimidation, guerilla-style attacks, and the promotion of a class-based revolution modeled on the principles of mao zedong, the former leader of communist china. government troops loyal to king gyanendra hold the cities. since the insurgency began in 1996, nearly 13,000 nepalis, most of them civilians, have died.

　　为了加强对尼泊尔农村的控制，携带着步枪的毛派叛军在土马卡德的西部村落巡逻。尼泊尔被视为受到喜马拉雅群山庇佑的印度教王国。然而，这个曾一度平和宁静的王国，如今则因暴力而分崩离析。毛派部队及其支持者控制了这个国家的不少乡村地区，通过恫吓、游击队式的攻击，以及提倡根据前中国共产党领导人毛泽东教条为基础的阶级革命，获得了成功;效忠贾南德拉国王的政府军队则掌控各大城市。自1996年叛乱发生以来，已有将近1万3000名尼泊尔人死亡，其中绝大多数是平民百姓。

　　an armed government soldier has become a common sight in durbar square, historic center of nepal's capital city of kathmandu. in february king gyanendra clamped down on political rallies and protests in the city, further weakening what little democratic culture remained. with the united states and other countries advising against travel to nepal because of the security situation, tourism has plunged, denying one of the world's poorest nations a vital source of revenue.

　　政府武装士兵已成为尼泊尔首都加德满都的历史中心——王宫广场的普遍景象。今年2月，贾南德拉国王强力禁止加德满都的政治集会与抗议活动，进一步削弱了仅存的一点点民主文化。由于安全堪虑，美国与其它国家劝告旅客不要前往尼泊尔旅游，导致其观光业更加萧条，减少了这个世界最贫穷国家之一的重要收益来源。

　　everything changed seven years ago for til bahadur gurung when maoists paid a visit to his shop in the rural gorkha district. the rebels shot him four times, paralyzing him for life. his crime: serving as a local government official in a rival party. gurung now spends his time mostly inside a two-room home in kathmandu (above) tended to and supported by his wife, manmaya. such attacks remind observers of the tactics deployed by the khmer rouge in cambodia and the shining path in peru, two other mao-inspired revolutionary groups that sought to exterminate members of the political and economic establishment.

　　自从七年前，毛派分子来到他位于高卡区乡间的商店之后，提尔.巴哈度尔.古荣(til bahadur gurung)的一切都改变了。叛军开枪射击他四次，导致他终身瘫痪。他的罪名是：在对方政党中担任地方政府官员。古荣现在大部分时间都待在加德满都的两房家里(上)，由太太曼玛雅(manmaya)负责照料与扶持。这类攻击让观察家想起柬埔寨的“红色高棉”与秘鲁的“光辉道路派”所使用的战术，这是另外两个受毛泽东启发的革命团体，极力想消灭政治、经济团体的成员。

　　members of a rebel platoon strategize by candle and flashlight in a village where they stop for the night. in maoist-controlled areas, families are expected to feed and shelter soldiers, as well as to volunteer members for political indoctrination sessions. insurgent forces regularly kidnap, torture, and kill suspected spies and opponents. human rights organizations have documented similar violations by government troops that have created a culture of fear across the country.

　　一支叛军排的成员在某村庄过夜，围坐在蜡烛与手电筒边讨论策略。在毛派分子控制的区域中，平民家庭被要求提供军人食宿，以及自愿派出成员参加政治教化集会。暴动军队经常绑架、拷打及杀害可疑的间谍与反对者。人权组织也纪录到政府军队也有类似的暴力行为，使全尼泊尔弥漫着一种恐惧的文化氛围。

　　wearing the red star of the maoist movement, a group of female civilians huddle against the high-altitude cold as they head to a rebel-ordered women's assembly. behind them rises the bombed-out ruins of a police station, a sign that government officials are not welcome in the area. that the women are wearing jewelry identifies them as less than hard-core cadres. the most committed rebel supporters disdain jewelry as a symbol of oppression.

　　一群平民妇女戴着毛派运动的红星头巾，挤成一团抵挡高地酷寒，正要前往参加毛派叛军指定的妇女集会。其身后是一个被炸毁的警察局废墟，代表政府官员在此区不受欢迎。妇女们戴着首饰表示她们并非中坚干部，最忠贞的叛军支持者将首饰视为压迫的象征。