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高考英语写作的训练方法

2013-10-24 01:08 高考英语写作的训练方法  

一, 高考英语书面表达基本策略:

　　仔细审题。 如果是看图写文，看懂每幅图之间的联系至关重要。

　　写要点。据每幅图写出一至两句话。因为每年高考书面表达一般控制在10句话，120个词左右。

　　连句成文。每句话写好后，用适当的连词连接起来，使之上下连贯，呼应，通顺，简洁。

　　查错漏。完稿后，检查一下有没有时态，语态，拼写错误并逐一加以改正。
　　
　　卷面整洁。卷面整洁干净甚至比准确，通顺，简介更重要。因为整洁干净给阅卷人精神上带来愉悦，相对而言，分数自然要给得高一些。

　　为了帮助同学们在平时写作练习的时候时刻牢记这些写作的基本要领，特编顺口溜如下：细审题，巧构思，列要点，防遗漏。写日记，同汉语；书信，通知格式要牢记。看清图表细梳理，写人记事按顺序；完稿后查遗漏，整洁干净莫忘记。

二, 高考英语书面表达高分策略：从遣词，造句，谋篇三个方面分析。

　　遣词的原则：使用高等级词汇及短语, 如果仅仅记住几个简单基础的词汇,而且一味的重复低水平的英语知识点,还远远没有达到大学的入学要求。这就要求考生在平时的训练和考试当中，有意识的强化“复杂，高级”这两个概念，使自己的作文能力区别于普通学生的作文，使自己一下子就站在一个比别人高的位置上，充分显示自己的实力。

平时学习过程中注意总结各种各样的词汇。以描述人物的词汇为例：
表达人物爱憎感情：
like, love, be interested in, be fond of…
hate, dislike, be tired of, lose interest in…
happy, excited, pleased, satisfied, angry, sad, worried, disappointed, terrified, mad, frightened… （科教范文网http://fw.ΝsΕΑc.com编辑）

介绍人物的影响及人们对人的评价：
He became famous for his new theory.
The people had come to love him as an inspiring leader.
We regard Li Fei as our model.
Lei Feng has been praised for his communist spirit.
People spoke highly of him and all respected him.

常见描述人物性格，外貌和身体状况等的词语
good-looking /funny-looking /strong-looking /ugly-looking /dirty-looking /ordinary-looking /blue-eyed /white-eyed /warm-hearted /light-hearted /kind-hearted /absent-minded /tall /short /beautiful /pretty /lovely /naughty/ be blind /lame in /be in good or poor condition/ healthy/ fine/ well /strong-tempered /bad-tempered /near-sighted /far-sighted /foolish /stupid /silly /clever /smart /wise /bright / diligent /intelligent /lazy /hard working, etc.

　　造句的原则：句式多变，语法活用，句子是表达一个完整意思的最小当位，所以造句能力在英文写作中是非常重要的。好的英语句子能够生动，形象，准确的表达内容。所以要想写出漂亮的书面表达，必须从写好句子开始。

英语基本句型及造句:

主语+谓语+状语(介词,名词短语或从句)
The sun rises up in the east and sets in the west.
We get up early every morning.
The meeting lasted 2 hours.

主语+不及物动词+副词
This kind of wine drinks well and sells well.
The suit wears well.
Glass breaks easily.

主语+谓语+介词+宾语
We all agreed on the terms.
He hates to argue with his wife about such small matters.
All these things are to be answered for.

主语+系动词+形容词
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.
He was so tired that he fell asleep the moment he went to bed.
Your explanation sounds reasonable.

主语+谓语+直接宾语
I want your promise.
Have your fixed my watch?
This factory produces 1000 cars a week.

主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
He paid me a visit yesterday.

（科教作文网http://zw.ΝsΕAc.com发布）

He owed me 50 yuan.
He wrote his family a letter yesterday.

主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 (to do)
I will get someone to repair the recorder for you.
I didn’t mean to hurt you.
He invited me to teach at a well-known university.

主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 (do)
I often hear her sing the song.
The boss made workers work 15 hours a day.
Don’t forget to have him come.

主语+谓语+现在分词
I heard her singing in the next room.
We could feel our heats beating fast.
Did you observe the birds flying around the trees?

主语+谓语+过去分词
I must have my watch repaired.
We must get he task finished on time.
Speak louder to make yourself understood by everybody.

主语+谓语+宾语(动名词)
I suggested putting off the meeting.
They all avoided mentioning the matter.
We can’t help laughing at the news.

主语+谓语+宾语(不定式)
I can’t afford to buy such a large house.
Don’t pretend to know what you don’t.
He feared to speak in her presence.
主语+谓语+宾语(名词/代词)+介词+宾语
Nothing can prevent us from going forward.
Thank you for your help.
He demanded an answer from me.

练习写好句子的方法一：合并句子
It was early in the morning. Mr. Smith was in his garden. He was watering flowers.
Early in the morning, Mr. Smith was watering flowers in his garden.

A girl was crossing a road. The girl was pretty. The road was wide.
A pretty girl was crossing a wide road.

写好句子的方法二：改写句子
1) Mr. Green is a tall man, who wears a pair of thick glasses. (改成介词短语做伴随状语)
1) The book cost me 300 yuan.
Mr. Green is a tall man with a pair of thick glasses.

2) The ice on the lake is too thin for us to skate on. (使用so…that…结构改写句子)
The ice on the lake is so thin that we can’t skate on it.

练习方法三：一句多译
这本书花了我300元。 （科教作文网http://zw.nseAc.com）
I spent 300 yuan on the book.
I paid 300 yuan for the book.
The price of the book is 300 yuan.
It cost me 300 yuan to buy the book.
我不懂什么英语，李明也不懂。
I don’t know any English, nor does Li Ming.
I hardly know any English, nor does Li Ming.
I hardly know any English, neither does Li Ming.
I hardly know any English, no more does Li Ming.
I hardly know any English, so it is with Li Ming.
I know no more English than Li Ming does.
I know as little English as Li Ming does.

一到家，我就把所见到的一切都记了下来。
On/Upon arriving home, I wrote down everything I had seen.
As soon as I arrived home, I wrote down everything I had seen.
The moment I arrived home, I wrote down everything I had seen.
The instant I arrived home, I wrote down everything I had seen.
No sooner had I arrived home than I wrote down everything I had seen.

昨天下午他才来。
He came here yesterday afternoon.
He didn’t come here until yesterday afternoon.
Not until yesterday afternoon did he come here.
It was yesterday afternoon that he arrived here.
It was not until yesterday afternoon that he came here.

谋篇的原则：

满分作文都有个共性就是有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。文章的连贯性和紧凑感是很重要的。句子作为最小的表达意思的语言当位如果只是被随意的整合，是无法达到有效表达的目的。

常见的句子之间的连接手段有：
使用代词指代上一句中的名词
重复使用上一句中的词
使用连接词
使用平行结构
高考大纲中常用的连接词:

表并列补充关系的: what is more, besides, also, as well, moreover, furthermore, in addition,
表转折对比关系的: but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, in contrast to, despite, in spite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, not only…but also, here…there, years ago…today, this…that, the former…the latter, then…now, the first…whereas the second, once…now, on the one hand…on the other hand, some…others,
表因果关系的: since, as, because (of), for, so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that,
表条件关系的: if, on the condition (that), as long as, unless, or else,
表时间关系的: when, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on, eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning/year/century, after an interval, now, after, presently, later, afterward, somewhat later, finally, at last, all of a sudden,
表特定的顺序关系: above all, first of all, firstly, first, secondly, the , next, finally, in the end, at last,
表换一种方式表达: in other words, that is to say, to put it another way,
表进行举例说明: for instance, for example, like, such as,
表陈述事实: in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth
表总结: on the whole, in short, all in all, general, in a word, in conclusion, in closing, in summary.